The Psychological Association of the Philippines: Empowering The Filipinos' Mind and Sociological Perspectives Through the Years

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES’ BRIEF HISTORY

On the 11th day of November 1962, a prestigious organization was established  to unselfishly promote a pioneering excellence in teaching, research and an unwavering practice and application of Psychology and its remarkable distinction as a scientific discipline to benefit human and social developments.- The PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES.

PAP Convention

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PAP'S DIFFERENT SPECIALTY AREAS

The organization is comprised of seven major sections, duly representing the so-called specialty areas of Psychology. These specialty areas can be applied for by licensed Filipino specialists as bonafide members of PAP based on certification guidelines. Among its noteworthy divisions are the following: Assessment Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Counselling Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Educational Psychology, Social Psychology and Industrial-Organizational Psychology. Apart from these, there are four SPECIAL INTEREST GROUPS which have been added by the Psychological Association of the Philippines to dynamically create a holistic transformation in the comprehensive study of Psychology. The Mental Health and Psychosocial Services SIG, Teaching Psychology SIG, Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender SIG and the Sports SIG.

LGBT Forum

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PAP'S VISION /MISSION 

Every organization has its own VISION-MISSION STATEMENT. The Psychological Association of the Philippines aims to be a world-renowned community of Filipino psychologists committed to foster personal and professional growth, humane service and social transformation. Let us describe briefly these long-term and viable objectives.

PAP Convention Participants.

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• World-Class- It speaks about global competitiveness in psychological research, teaching, practice and research open to the culture of other nations and societies which had benchmarked best practices in other countries, publications in top-rated international journals and books. Similarly, the laudable recognition of colleagues by means of well-deserved citations, awards and leadership positions were closely associated with this tenet.
• Human Service- The unquestionable obedience to ethical standards, respect for different clients by means of modelling compassion, concern for the welfare other people and sensitivity to the economic situations and capacities of our clients.
• Personal Professional Growth- An active, dynamic and catalytic participation in trendsetting and continuous programs, membership and participation in international conferences and organizations. In addition, legislation is deemed necessary to professionalize psychology, expand its vast network, to solidify a culture of co-mentoring and mutual learning and to nurture the whole individual through formal and informal methodologies.

• Social Transformation- Emphasizes the paramount importance of societal restructuring, the use of proactive understanding, the provision of scientific analysis of the different happenings in a society, taking prompt actions and positions with regard to important social issues, support or anchor the psychological needs of people and organizations who or which are n the summit of a functional social transformation.  

Know more about the historical profile of PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE PHILIPPINES in their official website athttps://pap.org.ph

The Cardinals of Psychological Testing

Psychological testing is defined as the meticulous administration of standardized tests to accurately measure a sample behavior. This essential human component simply refers to a specific performance on a prescribed task or undertaking. Oftentimes, the most common method used for a sample behavior is  the paper and pencil test and a series of item test. Likewise, each performance test is composed of an overall test score which somehow reflects a psychological construct in relation to an achievement whether in school, aptitude, cognitive ability emotional functioning and other areas of personality development.

Psychological tests are instruments which have been specially designed to act measurements of unobserved constructs in the form of questionnaires which ask for a typical performance. Based on the principles of psychometrics, a given psychological test must possess VALIDITY. To explain briefly, it needs an evidence to anchor or prove the specified results of those tests. In the same way, a psychological test has to be RELIABLE. Reliability denotes to a consistency of test results across all raters factors involved.

After these tests had been given, a comprehensive psychological assessment is the next step to do by a licensed Psychometrician. It is a process of integration checking of information from numerous sources. One of its classic examples is the test of abnormal and normal personalities. Attitudes and interests are measured as well to gain a more credible interpretation of a person’s particular personality makeup. Most importantly, the assessment procedures determine a particular disability in a school setting. In doing so, the proper mode of treatment can be applied. Where did this scientific method originate? Read on.

Historical Background

The humble beginnings of large scale tests originated in China because of a law which required the implementation of imperial examinations. Assessments on those days were based on the proficiency of examinees concerning civil law and fiscal policies. Did you know that intelligence tests were used for entertainment rather than for analysis purposes? Perhaps, this funny and intriguing reality paved the way for the trendsetting evolution of psychological testing across the globe.

Mental or cognitive assessments were initiated in France during the 19th century. Consequently, it was able to put a dividing line between mental retardation and mental illness. However, the discovery of Francis Galton of Psychometrics had developed an innovative way to measure human intelligence by using the NON-VERBAL SENSORY MOTOR TEST.  Unfortunately, this methodology became obsolete after it was significantly found out that it failed to establish the relationship to college grades.

Alfred Binet and his equally brilliant contemporaries, Victor Henri and Theodore Simon came up with the Binet - Simon test in 1905, after 15 years of painstaking development. This kind of test is focused on verbal abilities and the identification of mental retardation among children. 

Personality testing had begun in the 18^th and 19^th centuries, when it was assessed through phenology. The latter is the method of measuring a human skull. Physiognomy is also another technique of personality assessment which gauges a person’s persona through physical appearances.

Modern empirical methods were given an avenue in psychological testing when a more concise and standardized personality was devised. This was alluded to as Woolworth Personality Data Sheet. It is a self-report inventory developed for World I draftees who were subjected to a psychological screening.

Principles

The accuracy and effectiveness of psychological testing are governed by these time-tested principles namely Standardization, objectivity, reliability, validity and the presence of test norms.  Standardization is generally described as consistent under the same atmosphere to attain the same testing performance from the subjects. The characteristic of being objective eradicates biases when the test results for each subject is being taken in the same manner. What is reliability? Reliability is to obtain the same test results after several tests.  A VALID psychological test is equipped with the ability to measure what has to be measured.

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